3.远离危险区
    如在街道上遇到地震，应用手护住头部，迅速远离楼房，到街心一带。如在郊外遇到地震，要注意远离山崖，陡坡，河岸及高压线等。正在行驶的汽车和火车要立即停车。

 
    4.被埋要保存体力
    如果震后不幸被废墟埋压，要尽量保持冷静，设法自救。无法脱险时，要保存体力，尽力寻找水和食物，创造生存条件，耐心等待救援人员

　　在地震时的应急防震工作 室内应急防震行动
    防地震伤害主要是防震坏建筑物及震落物品的砸伤。如果有临震预报，就可按政府通告行动，离开建筑物。但在多数情况下，地震是突然发生的。在12秒钟之内通过自己的应急行动， 要得到最好的防护效果。其办法是：一旦发生地震，如在家里， 应立即关闭煤气和电闸，将炉火扑灭。若住在平房，且离门很 近，则应冲出门外。如住在楼房，可以躲到结实的床、桌下，或 躲进跨度较小的房间，如卫生间或厨房，或设支撑三角形空间 (可参考第三课中的室内防护动作)。要注意保护头部，以防异物 砸伤；要用口罩捂住嘴和鼻子，身体取低位。注意千万不要跳 楼、跳宙，以免摔伤或被玻璃扎伤；不要上阳台，不要去乘电 梯，不要下楼梯，不要到处跑，不要随人流拥挤，这些地方容易 崩塌垮掉、发生挤压踩伤。特别是对于有感地震，尤其要防止盲目行动，听从指挥，否则会造成更大的损失(图13。2)。所有室内人员在初震过后，都要尽快撤出，在广场、公园等地，以避余震。在地下商场时一定要听从现场工作人员的指挥，千万不要慌乱拥挤，应避开人流，防止摔倒；并要把双手交叉放在胸前，保护自己，用肩和背承受外部压力。随人流行动时，要避免被挤到墙壁或栅栏处；要解开衣领，保持呼吸畅通。也可躲在柜台、框 架物中，蹲在内墙角及柱子边，护住头部。

    若在电影院、体育馆 等地方，可就地蹲在排椅下，用书包等物保护头部3注意避开吊 灯、电扇等悬挂物。人防工程防地震的效果极好，已为唐山、包 头地震实践所证明。所以只要来得及，就可以进入人防工程或地 下室。因为地震对城市建筑物的破坏和核爆炸冲击作用有许多相 同之处，防护原理和防护方法也很相似。在行驶的公共电、汽车上时，要抓牢扶手，低头，以免摔倒 或碰伤；可降低重心，躲在座位附近，以防发生意外事故。要等 车停稳、地震过去之后再下车。司机要关好车窗，不锁车门，车’钥匙应留在车上，并和同车人一起行动。

 
    如果人员被埋在废墟里，则要设法移动身边可动之物，扩大 空间，进行加固，以防余震。这时不要用明火，防止易燃气泄漏 爆炸。要捂住口鼻，防止附近有毒气泄漏。然后找机会呼救，等 待救援。

身体应采取的姿势：
伏而待定，蹲下或坐下，尽量蜷曲身体，降低身体重心。
抓住桌腿等牢固的物体。
保护头颈、眼睛，掩住口鼻。

千万不要跳楼！不要站在窗外！ 不要到阳台上去！

避开人流，不要乱挤乱拥，不要随便点明火，因为空气中可能有易燃易爆气体。

家庭避震
地震预警时间短暂，室内避震更具有现实性，而室内房屋倒塌后形成的三角空间，往往是人们得以幸存的相对安全地点，可称其为避震空间。这主要是指大块倒塌体与支撑物构成的空间。
室内易于形成三角空间的地方是：
炕沿下、坚固家具附近；
内墙墙根、墙角；
厨房、厕所、储藏室等开间小的地方。

公共场所避震
听从现场工作人员的指挥，不要慌乱，不要拥向出口，要避免拥挤，要避开人流，避免被挤到墙壁或栅栏处。
在影剧院、体育馆等处：
就地蹲下或趴在排椅下；
注意避开吊灯、电扇等悬挂物；
用书包等保护头部；
等地震过去后，听从工作人员指挥，有组织地撤离。

在商场、书店、展览、地铁等处：
选择结实的柜台、商品（如低矮家具等）或柱子边，以及内墙角等处就地蹲下，用手或其他东西护头； 避开玻璃门窗、玻璃橱窗或柜台； 避开高大不稳或摆放重物、易碎品的货架； 避开广告牌、吊灯等高耸或悬挂物。
在行驶的电（汽）车内：
抓牢扶手，以免摔倒或碰伤； 降低重心，躲在座位附近。
地震过去后再下车。

户外避震
就地选择开阔地避震：
蹲下或趴下，以免摔倒；
不要乱跑，避开人多的地方；
不要随便返回室内。
避开高大建筑物或构筑物：
楼房，特别是有玻璃幕墙的建筑；
过街桥、立交桥；
高烟囱、水塔下。
避开危险物、高耸或悬挂物：
变压器、电线杆、路灯等；
广告牌、吊车等。
避开其他危险场所：
狭窄的街道；
危旧房屋，危墙；
女儿墙、高门脸、雨篷下；
砖瓦、木料等物的堆放处。

If indoors
* DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building.
* Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures or furniture.
* Stay in bed if you are there when the earthquake strikes. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
* Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, loadbearing doorway.
* Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different location inside the building or try to leave.
* Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
* DO NOT use the elevators.

If outdoors
* Stay there.
* Move away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires.
* Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings, at exits, and alongside exterior walls. Many of the 120 fatalities from the 1933 Long Beach earthquake occurred when people ran outside of buildings only to be killed by falling debris from collapsing walls. Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the direct cause of death or injury. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects.

If in a moving vehicle
* Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires.
* Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake.

When underground:
* Stay close to walls or large pillars.
* If the lights fail, stay calm and wait for the emergency lighting to come on.
* If fire breaks out and the area fills with smoke, cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or towel and escape in the direction from which the cool air is coming and follow the wall to the nearest exit.
WHEN YOU ARE OUTDOORS

In a residential area:
* Quickly move away from stone or block walls and move to a safe place.
* Glass and roof tiles may fall, so move quickly to open areas such as parks and avoid going near buildings.

In a shopping or building arcade:
* Without stopping, protect your head with bags or similar items and evacuate to a park or other open spaces.
* Do not go near buildings, block walls or vending machines.
* Do not go near fallen power lines.
* Be careful of broken glass, signs and other fallen objects.

In a train or subway carriage:
* Hold tightly to straps and rails in case the train or subway stops suddenly.
* If the train or subway stops, do not jump out of windows or attempt to unlock the emergency door and leave the carriage.
* Follow the announcements of train staff and act in a calm manner.

When driving:
* Pull over to the left side of the road or an open space and turn off the engine.
* If police are controlling traffic, follow their directions.
* If leaving your vehicle, leave the key in the lock and the doors unlocked.
OBTAINING ACCURATE INFORMATION
* Pay attention to information given on radio and television and do not react hastily to inaccurate information.
* Refrain from making unnecessary telephone calls. Inquiries made to the Fire Department regarding the situation of the disaster hamper the efforts of emergency services.
PROTECTING OUR TOWN

If an earthquake occurs in our town it is possible to consider that communication by telephone will be rendered impossible, roads will be damaged, and the spread of fire will split the functions of the town, decreasing the effectiveness of the fire brigade and other disaster relief activities.

Therefore, we should all cooperate in helping to extinguish fires and assisting those who are trapped under rubble and in damaged buildings.

It is also important within our local community to make emergency contact lists and discuss ways to evacuate the elderly and disabled in the event of an earthquake.